Rondnelly Nunes. Hasna Abdullah. Jonathan Hooks. Thomas Kealy. Matteo de Donato. Livija Mikic. More From atefmabood. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in rats chronically treated. Popular in Philosophy. Dwayne Thomas. Aldito Mahendra. Jason Christian. Abdullah Shaghi. Ashish Kaushik. Ruel Arila Jr. Ardityo Giantra. Ash Foxx. Martin Seidensticker. Nour AbuMeteir. Rodolfo Rivero Castillo. Man Sang Yan.
Bruce Reichenbach - Evil and a Good God Kamalroop Singh. Vishnu Prakash Nangath. Burghart a The Founding of the Ramanandi Sect. A thing cannot exist without existing as something, otherwise it would be nothing and it would not exist. Also, to have an identity means to have a single identity: an object cannot have two identities at the same time or in the same respect.
The concept of identity is important because it makes explicit that reality has a definite nature, which makes it knowable and, since it exists in a particular way, it has no contradictions when two ideas each make the other impossible. CHANGE is the alteration of identities, whether it be a stone falling to earth or a log burning to ash.
For something to change which is an effect , it needs to be acted on caused by a previous action. Causality is the law that states that each cause has a specific effect, and that this effect is dependent on the initial identities of the agents involved. We are intuitively aware of change occurring over time e. The Ancient Greeks took some extreme positions on the nature of change: Parmenides denied that change occurs at all, while Heraclitus thought change was ubiquitous. This is sometimes considered a whole separate branch of philosophy, the Philosophy of Religion.
Within Western Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion, and theology in general, reached it peak with Medieval Christian schools of thought like Scholasticism. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. Carousel Next. What is Scribd? Documents Philosophy Metaphysics. Uploaded by Crystal Decano. Document Information click to expand document information Description: Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that is concerned with the existence.
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Ian G. Barbour - Issues in science and religion-Prentice-Hall Jump to Page. Search inside document. Documents Similar To Metaphysics. Metaphysics is about reality Its not about how we come to know reality Its not about how we talk about reality Its not about how we think about reality Its not about the beauty or goodness of reality Its just about reality I. Target Synthetic a priori truths the most general and ubiquitous features of reality the most fundamental principles that apply to everything that is real.
Metaphysical Topics Metaphysics can be about anything from the nature of universals to the existence of holes in your shirt. But there are specific topics that metaphysicians focus on. Abstract Entities Do abstract entities really exist? Particular tables and chairs exist. Do numbers, properties, and propositions have the same ontological status? Rival Views about Abstracta Realism Yes. Abstracta exist. Anti-realism nominalism No. Abstacta do not exist. Causation What is the nature of causation?
Given that A caused B, what does cause here mean? Is it even analyzable? What are the objects of causation? Are they facts, events, or things? Where do we get the necessity of causal relations? Is there a law which binds causes and effects together?
Anti-Humean Non-reductive There is no analysis of causation. Motivation: Singularism about causation A causes B iff B derives from A with or without necessitating laws.
Existence Existence is a often-used word in metaphysics. But what is it? What is the nature of existence? Quantifier View Existence just means x. Argument from the Logical Structure of Existential Statements. Accounts for true negative existentials. Free will Do we have free will? Obstacles: Fatalism: the idea that everything has a definite end defined by fate Determinism: the thesis that, given the laws of nature, and the state of the universe at any time, it is impossible for the history of the universe before and after that time to be other than it is.
Alternatively, it can be rendered as the thesis that every event has a cause, where causes are understood to necessitate or determine their effects. Incoherentism: from Galen Strawson , any conception of free will is incoherent; thus, there is no such thing!
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